Fungal infections are caused by fungi invading the body’s tissues. Fungi can be classified by the level of penetration, parts of the body affected or the organism causing the infection.  Let’s look at some fungal infection basics.

What are Fungi?

Fungi are one of the major groups of microorganisms, the others being bacteria, viruses and parasites. They exist as yeasts and moulds.

The word “fungi” is actually an umbrella term for thousands of species of fungi but only about 25 types cause infections. They may cause yeast infections or fungal dermatophyte infections.

Who is Susceptible?

Let’s brush up on our fungal infection basics. Anyone may get a fungal infection because of fungi present in the air and soil or on the surfaces of everyday objects.

If the person has a weak immune system and the conditions are right for the fungi to grow, a fungal infection can occur.

People who are susceptible to fungal infections are those with AIDS, cancer, diabetes, lung disease and patients who have received organ transplants.

Superficial fungal infections are seen on the skin surface, nails and hair, and areas which stay warm and damp because of clothing and shoes.

Skin fungal infections are difficult to identify, as the symptoms and appearance of the skin resemble other types of dermatitis or skin allergies.

Subcutaneous fungal infections affect the deeper layers of the skin, tissues and muscles. These fungi enter through areas where the skin is injured or broken.

These infections are difficult to treat. Systemic fungal infections usually begin in the lungs and spread to other organs. 

Types of Infections

Ringworm or tinea corpora are caused by a tiny fungus. The infection begins as a small red area and spreads in a circle or ring. 

Tinea versicolor changes the color of the infected skin, making it lighter or darker. 

Athlete’s Foot is usually seen between the toes and sometimes on toenails and the soles of the feet. It is a very common fungal infection and affects up to 70 per cent of people.

Jock Itch infects the upper thighs and groin, causing itching and burning. It is not restricted to males, even women can get it.

Candidiasis is a yeast infection caused by candida albicans. It affects different parts of the body. Candida causes vaginal yeast infections.

Candidal nail infections occur in people whose hands are continuously immersed in water.

Intertrigo is a candida infection which affects skin folds. It occurs in areas of the body which have skin touching skin, such as the armpits and groin. It is aggravated by heat, moisture, friction and lack of air circulation. 

Diaper rash is also caused by candida albicans and is commonly seen in babies when soiled diapers are not changed frequently.

Treatment and Prevention

There are various topical and systemic anti-fungal drugs available.  The choice of drug depends on the nature and severity of infection.

Fungal infections are contagious, therefore, hygiene is important.  Keep skin clean and dry. Wash your hands after touching other people. Wash your clothing frequently. Do not share clothes, towels and footwear.

Use antiperspirants and talcum powder to keep the skin dry. In areas of high humidity, wear loose cotton clothes. 

Knowing your fungal infection basics can help you prevent these infections by maintaining good personal hygiene.

Fungal Infection Basics is a post from: Skincare